Saturday, December 25, 2010

Merry Christmas!

Merry Christmas and Happy New Year!!!!!! Have a happy holiday season!!!! :) :) :)



Wednesday, December 22, 2010

The King Of Camelot

We stand for freedom. That is our conviction for ourselves; that is our only commitment to others.
Our problems are man made, therefore they may be solved by man. And man can be as big as he wants. 
No problem of human destiny is beyond human beings.
Mankind must put an end to war or war will put an end to mankind.
We need men who can dream of things that never were. Were his wise words.
The reign of Kennedy was infamous and beyond words.
Disliked by many, loved by all. 
His power, leadership, and potent aura was the victory and destruction of plenty.
'And so, my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you -- ask what you can do for your country.'  he asked, grasping the American's individual and vitality.
Both peculiar and astonishing. Each deed done, with a personalized touch.
Jack payed heed to both his professional and personal life, insuring that they were perfect.
He loved his goddess dearly. Jackie was deep in the oceans of compassion, that was brewed by JFK himself.
The President's angels, Caroline and John, always watched their father diligently. 
The angels were the symbol of the devotion and passion the lovers had for each other.
He was swift, precise, and direct. He made the nation's and world's heart swell and burst with pride.
Brought in by him was equity and serenity, his signature left. 
A silent yet legendary gesture.
Stabbed into the pages of history is the legacy of the cherished John Fitzgerald Kennedy.
We miss you dearly, JFK.

-Freestyle poem by:  The Known Secret




The Camelot Years Bound to have Repercussions

The Kennedy era was very significant in American politics and government.


Issue #1: Foreign Policy
John F. Kennedy desired to make major changes to the American foreign policy. He wanted to leave behind the policy of letting communism remain and make better relations with the Soviets, so there would be less violence. The Soviets 'bully' behavior toward Berlin and Cuba made him change his mind. With the summit in Vienna with Khruschev (1961), JFK made it clear that any treaty that would meddle with U.S. access rights in West Berlin would be considered as an act of war. Soon after the Kennedy got back to the States, the U.S.S.R. proclaimed that they were planning on treating East Berlin. Regardless of any third party residency rights in either section of the city. JFK was infuriated and distressed by this. He was forced to prepare his land for nuclear war. He knew this was a possibility and had a one of five chance of actually occurring. Instantly after the announcement of the Soviets, East Berlin citizens rushed to West Berlin. Kennedy made a decision soon that an attack on West Berlin would be seen as an attack on the United States. Shortly after the Soviets and East Berlin officers embarked on continuing to interdict the entrance of East Berliners. Thus the Berlin Wall was created. Kennedy's primary reaction to this was ignoring it (as long as the access of East Berliners to West Berlin continued). But when the West Berliners started loosing faith in the position of their defense by the United States, Kennedy delegated VP Johnson and military to reassure the West Berliners. Another drastic change came to the area of Third-World relations in the foreign policy. Kennedy believed in assisting third-world countries. He put his beliefs in action by supplying the third-world with financial aid and U.S. volunteers and contributors in the appearance of Peace Corps.


Issue #2: Dealing with the Soviets and use of Weaponry
Unlike former presidents, such as Truman and Eisenhower, Kennedy had faith in that the two superpowers, U.S. and Soviet Union, could co-exist peacefully.The reason for believing this could be possible because Nikita Khrushchev had been emancipating his Soviet society. Khrushchev completely let go of the idea of Stalinism. Kennedy wanted to cease the use and construction of arms rather than gain more of them. He offered Khrushchev to have a meeting with on the topic of arms control, maybe even disarmament. The Soviets took this proposition as a indication of feebleness. Kennedy was greatly upset. Instead The Soviet Union began behaving pushy against in Berlin, Europe and Cuba, Latin America. The Soviets had made a mistake. Kennedy's reply to this was: "Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and success of liberty." In 1962, JFK came back to nuclear weaponry and U.S.S.R., laboring to stop Soviet bellicosity and encase Soviet Union's influence. The only tangible outcome (which was also beneficial) of Kennedy's expenditures was the Limited Nuclear Test Ban Treaty signed in 1963. This treaty forbid the testing of nuclear weapons in the atmosphere. Post signing the treaty JFK said: "Today the fear is little less and the hope a little greater. For the first time we have been able to reach an agreement which can limit the dangers of this nuclear age." 


Issue #3: Peace Corps-Helping the Third World
Kennedy felt that the United States and him were obliged to help the Third World economically and spread democracy to each of those countries. JFK then to make this possible created Peace Corps in 1961. Peace Corps sent U.S. volunteers to third-world countries so they could assist in build roads and hospitals, and to help educate citizens around the world.


Issue #4: Bay of Pigs
The Bay of Pigs was a huge loss and disappointment to the Kennedy administration. Prior to the presidency of JFK, President Eisenhower made a plot to overthrow the rule of Fidel Castro. The main plan was led by the CIA with assistance from the U.S. military. On April 17th, 1961 Kennedy ordered the continuation of the plan. This plan was an aid to those Cuban exiles whose country was trapped in communism in 1959. The U.S. supplied training, support, and logics to Cubans to help re-capture their country. 15,000 U.S. Cubans called Brigade 2025 came back to the island in hopes of deposing Castro and winning back their country. In the previous plot there were no U.S. air force. By April 19th, 1961, the Cuban government had interned or killed the exiles.  The Bay of Pigs Invasion failed disastrously. Kennedy was then forced to negotiate the release of the 1,189 exiles. So post 20 months Cuba released the exiles for 53 million dollars worth provisions and medication. Kennedy focused on the political repercussions of this plan and was convinced the plan was made to make him look bad. He ended up taking the blame himself. When the invasion failed, Cuba went to The Soviet Union. The Soviets were quite eager to provide help to Cuba. Khrushchev was in search for an ally in Latin America. A huge opportunity came up for U.S.S.R: While the missiles in U.S. were faced for The Soviet Union, the Soviets could put their missiles facing U.S. in Cuba. What a good opportunity and so close to U.S. 


Issue #5: The Cuban Missile Crisis
The Cuban Missile Crisis was a historical moment for the Kennedy administration and U.S. On October 16th, 1962 The U.S. Intelligence and CIA planes went over Cuba and saw the missiles. They took photographs of it and showed it to Kennedy.  The Air Force wanted to attack the sites and call on an invasion. Kennedy was fearful that that would lead to a world war, so instead he set up a blockade of Cuba. Kennedy swore that Soviet vessels headed to Cuba transporting missiles would not be permitted through the blockade. Also, JFK proclaimed that the Soviets get rid of their bases and weaponry from Cuba. At last minute, Soviets retreated and backed off. The Soviets afterward consented to withdraw the missiles and their bases from Cuba. Later the U.S. promised not to raid the land. World War was narrowly averted. President Kennedy was highly praised for this and Khrushchev lost his position because of it. 


Issue #6: The Civil Rights
There was buckets of racism in the States then and Kennedy wanted to end it all. He knew how much of a commotion this would cause, especially southern U.S. But JFK changed that with The Civil Rights Act of 1964. In his inaugural address Kennedy promised he would end racism and discrimination. During his presidency he appointed many African-Americans to office. No president had ever thought of this in the past, forget about going through with this. This was an outrageous act done by the president and of course many were displeased. When he did sign this act, equity didn't start to show. People were still afraid.  He was assassinated on November,1963 in Texas. A year later it finally passed. Probably because of this Kennedy was killed. 


Issue #7:  Involvement in the Vietnam War
When JFK became president, the U.S. was already occupied in the Vietnam matters. President Eisenhower promised the security of South Vietnam. Eisenhower had sent military and economic assistance , including U.S. military advisors. Kennedy increased U.S. involvement. South Vietnam was fighting against the communist North Vietnam. Kennedy knew that North Vietnam had to be ended, so he delivered more U.S. forces there. 


There are many more issues I could go on about but the reason I wrote these main points is because these were the main highlights of John F. Kennedy's presidency. These decisions, attempts, victories, and failures have had a major impact on American government and society. These Kennedy Era was highly influential and without them America might not be the super power it is today. 
Sources: 














Sunday, December 19, 2010

The Kennedy Curse- Bitter Reality or Simple Coincidence?

Is the Kennedy curse an actual, unfortunate curse or just a story brewed up by media?
It seems quite odd doesn't it? Most of the members of the Kennedy family passing away or killed excruciatingly. Here's a list in chronological order of the deaths of Kennedy's:

Believers in the curse generally cite the following core events as evidence of the family's misfortunes:
This is quite perplexing isn't it? How 16 Kennedy's have been killed/died in such a short period of time and in the same century. These deaths occurring are strange, the way they have died, and the suddenness of them is what makes the curse theory more likely.  Maybe it is just coincidence. Who knows? What do you think?


Sources:
Wikipedia-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kennedy_Curse


Lee Harvey Oswald Coffin for Sale

Unbelievable. Just unbelievable. The assassin's coffin is on the market. I mean how can people do this? This guy who the world hates because he supposedly killed JFK. We aren't even sure how JFK died and they hate this man. Sure, he may have killed the president but that doesn't mean you go on robbing someone's resting place.
Why would anyone want to buy that coffin? I know the assassin of JFK was in it but what is the use of it unless you have a shrine or are dangerously obsessed with Oswald. It's not like he touched JFK or something, he just fired shots at JFK and later ended up being dead himself. It's just a coffin. The prices for it are pretty outrageous. Like $87,469?!!! Are you kidding me? That coffin was probably only like $50 dollars and now just because it had the killer of JFK it is a precious antique? Really, this is just downright pathetic and lame. At least leave the man alone when he's dead. The coffin isn't even a good one. It's made of pine with water leaks. That is awful. Oswald didn't die happily, isn't laid to rest properly or have a good coffin, and  is being picked on by media and others even when he is dead. What an unlucky man. How would you like it if your coffin was ripped out of the comfy ground and price tagged? I would seriously hate that. I am very disappointed.


Tuesday, December 14, 2010

Lee Harvey Oswald- A Patsy or An Assasin?

Lee Harvey Oswald is in the eye of the storm of John F. Kennedy's assassination.
He was the assassin of JFK. He was the one who continuously shot Kennedy with no remorse, regret, or disgust. The way he shot Kennedy was incredible. His aim was precise and direct. The last fatal blow was the best of his shots and the worse blow to United States. It says in film JFK, that in 90 seconds Oswald ran up to the 6th floor of the book depository, hid his snipper. Then when the president was in the right spot he ran to where the sniper was, took it and fired '3' shots in 6 seconds at a moving target with precise aim and perfect timing. Now doesn't that sound magical? Of course it does. It is impossible! How did Oswald do it just by himself? None of the professional FBI agents could achieve such a feat. Then all of a sudden this man who is barely stable or professional takes 3 shots in under 6 seconds at the President of the United States who was moving! Unless Oswald was Superman or suddenly had the ability to do impossible tasks, that task was unattainable.  One other important piece of information is: that in the Oliver Stone's film JFK it shows in the Zapruder film the fatal head shot going 'back and to the left' of JFK's head. This must obviously mean he was shot from the front right (near the grassy knoll perhaps). So if this evidence is shown isn't Oswald looking more and more like a patsy. Doesn't that make the conspiracy theory more probable. I am not saying Oswald wasn't a part of this but he wasn't the only one involved.
Here is something I found of a website, and for you skeptics it also has another explanation. You be the judge.

The main conspiracy points of this incident are outlined below. (They are in no particular order).
Conspiracy
Possible explanation
1) In the Zapruder film, JFK, when shot in the head, lurches 'back and to the left'. This surely must mean he was shot from the front right (ie from the Grassy Knoll) and not from behind from the School Book Depository.Ballistics experts say not necessarily. High powered shots can sometimes go through things without them even moving. People can react randomly, going into the line of the shot or against it. This alone is not enough evidence to suggest a second shot from the front right.The Kennedy Assassination: Beyond Conspiracy, BBC, Broadcast 23/11/2003: The exploding brain seen in the Zapruder film is an exit wound, the entry point is at the back of Kennedy's head, directly in line with the view from the sixth floor window of the School Book Depository.
2) Ruby shoots Oswald two days after the assassination, surely he was cleaning up the whole operation so that Oswald could not speak of a conspiracy.The Kennedy Assassination: Beyond Conspiracy, BBC, Broadcast 23/11/2003: Ruby was a hot head, he wasn't 'playing with a full deck'. He was so incensed that Oswald had shot Kennedy that he saw it as his duty to kill the killer. The scene in Oliver Stone's JFK movie, in which Ruby is seen dropping the pristine bullet on the stretcher in the hospital, is pure fiction.
3) The back wound in JFK is too low to create a downward trajectory through the neck. (Thus there were more than three shots.) This is the Magic Bullet theory. Oliver Stone's JFK movie describes a zigzagging bullet which stands in the air for 1.6 seconds before continuing its path into Connally.The Kennedy Assassination: Beyond Conspiracy, BBC, Broadcast 23/11/2003: The magic bullet, using latest computer simulations, does tie in with the wounds if you take into account where Connally and Kennedy were actually sitting in the car: Connally was not straight in front of Kennedy, as seen in the Oliver Stone JFK movie, Connally was in front and to Kennedy's left, and 3 inches lower. There is, indeed, a direct line path for the bullet from the School Book Depository window if these positions are used.
4) Governor Connally's obvious reaction to a shot 1.6 seconds after President Kennedy was first hit, combined with his strong testimony that he was hit separately.The Kennedy Assassination: Beyond Conspiracy, BBC, Broadcast 23/11/2003: This simply is not true. There was no 1.6 second delay. Connally and JFK reacted together: see Frame 232 in the Zapruder film.
5) JFK's wound in the front of the throat was repeatedly called a 'wound of entry' by the doctors in Dallas but Oswald was in the School Book Depository, behind.
6) Magic (Miracle) Bullet: The unbelievably small damage to CE 399, the bullet that allegedly created seven wounds in two bodies. There is no way that one bullet can pass through two bodies, create seven wounds, break two bones, and emerge virtually unscathed. So all that damage must have been done by more than one bullet - hence a conspiracy as Oswald could only have fired 3 shots.The Kennedy Assassination: Beyond Conspiracy, BBC, Broadcast 23/11/2003: See also notes to point 3 above. The almost pristine bullet is consistent with the type of bullet the Carcarno gun uses. The bullet is intended to not deform, and it only hit a small bone in Connally's wrist. There is evidence that a piece of the bullet matches a deposit found in Connally body.
7) The wound in the back of the head seen by the full medical staff at Parkland and some at Bethesda, are not shown by the official photos or X-rays.
8) Shots from the grassy knoll were heard by so many witnesses.(See point 16 below)
9) The incredible feat of firing three shots in six seconds at a moving target with an inaccurate rifle that had not been practised with in months. If the FBI's best couldn't do it, how could Oswald?The Kennedy Assassination: Beyond Conspiracy, BBC, Broadcast 23/11/2003: The Zapruder film shows that it wasn't 6 seconds at all, it was 8.3 seconds, more than enough time to fire off the three shots. Oswald was a champion shot: At 200 yards and whilst rapidly firing when training with the Marines, he had a 48/49 out of 50 accuracy rating which is superb. Kennedy was only 88 yards away.
10) Who could have arranged for the route - The Oliver Stone movie, JFK, says that government level forces must have been involved in arranging for the route - a very strange route in which the car had to decelerate in a type of corner with buildings and open windows all around?
11) The shots from the School Book Depository 6th Floor Window would have to have been shot through thick foliage.The Kennedy Assassination: Beyond Conspiracy, BBC, Broadcast 23/11/2003: The simulation shown in this documentary shows Kennedy appearing from behind the tree at c88 yards from the assassins bullet. In this simulation the president can clearly be seen.
12) Acoustic evidence, which was used by the Senate investigation, seems to show four bangs heard through an open microphone on a policeman's motorbike.Oswald did not have enough time to fire four shots, and thus it must be a conspiracy.The Kennedy Assassination: Beyond Conspiracy, BBC, Broadcast 23/11/2003:Firstly the audio recording is not a very clean recording, there is lots of static. This acoustic evidence only works if the policeman is in a very small area - this position is crucial to the theory used in the evidence to the Senate Committee. The documentary shows that the policeman was not in a ring required for the theory to be accurate and, thus, although the theory used is right, the position the policeman is required to be in for the theory to be accurate isn't.
13) The Warren Commission report is a fraud. Over 70% of US citizens said to disbelieve it.The Kennedy Assassination: Beyond Conspiracy, BBC, Broadcast 23/11/2003:25,000 witnesses, 3000 pieces of evidence. Ambitious 32 year old lawyers on the committee who would have loved nothing better than to expose a conspiracy. The only real error they made was that they failed to consider that Castro could have been behind Oswald. This was because the Warren Commission did not know of the reasons behind newspaper reports that Castro had said he would retaliate for attempts to kill him (Robert Kennedy had secretly ordered the removal of Castro and his government).
14) Conspiracy of silence...It's now been 40 years and nobody has come out to claim responsibility despite many cases where organised crime has made deals with the authorities. The USA is an open society, such a scheme could not have been kept this secret for so long. The Kennedy Assassination: Beyond Conspiracy, BBC, Broadcast 23/11/2003: Oswald's brother Robert says Lee Harvey did it.
15) The guard in the front left of the car fired the fatal head shot to Kennedy's brain... (Thanks to a reader who sent this in.)Added 21st April 2005.
Various frames from the Zapruder film seem to show the guard in the front of the car pulling a gun at exactly the time of the shot to Kennedy's brain...
Driver Shoots Kennedy?
This is a trick of the light. If you look closely at an untampered piece of the Zapruder film, below, the thing that looks like a gun is actually the sun reflecting off the head of the guy sitting to the alleged gunman's right... The apparent arm is actually from a while line inside the car. Below is Zapruder frame number 316.
Zapruder Frame Disproves Driver Shoots Kennedy
16) Is this a picture of a man shooting from behind the fence on the grassy knoll? (3 May 05)
Orville Nix was also making a film of the fateful event in Dealy Plaza. But did he catch a man with a badge behind the fence in the grassy knoll?
Badge Man
Experts suggest that this explanation needs quite a lot of imagination - the images could easily be blurred trees, twigs or branches.
17)OK, the Badge Man is just trees and twigs, I get that. But look... Is that a Black dog sitting on a plinth in a picture over there? Stran-ge! (3 May 05)
Below is some analysis by Jerry Organ regarding a mysterious figure seen behind the grassy knoll fence. This is the Black Dog Man figure. What does it show? Is it just a tourist(s) watching on? Is it just a black dog? No gun is visible. The images are taken from his excellent analysis at http://mcadams.posc.mu.edu/organ3.htm
Black Dog Man
Black Dog Man
Black Dog Man
18) Is that an umbrella to Kennedy's right while he is being shot? Surely that's suspicious? It isn't even raining! (3 May 05)
Zapruder frame 226, below, clearly shows an umbrella up!
Umbrella Man
After investigations, it transpires that 'Umbrella Man' is making a strange political protest and is nothing to do with the assassination in progress... It had been raining shortly before the president's motorcade arrived...
Useful resources: The Zapruder Film frame by frame (link good at 21st April 2005)

Monday, December 13, 2010

A Powerless President Taking back what he Won.

What is government? In the dictionary it says this: 
a : the organization, machinery, or agency through which a political unit exercises authority and performs functions and which is usually classified according to the distribution of power within it
b : the complex of political institutions, laws, and customs through which the function of governing is carried out


Honestly why would a President do things he originally opposed of doing in the first place? What makes him do such a thing? What makes a President break the promises he made to his people? Maybe we shouldn't be asking what, maybe we should be asking who? 

There have been many discussions about other powerful organizations being held responsible for what and why a the President of the States does. Some say that the presidential candidates are selected and groomed by non-government organizations. I agree on this. An example of this would be: Richard Nixon; He on the fall of 1969, said he didn't want the war. He wanted peace and unity. Well if he wanted that, why didn't he put his plans and thoughts in action instantly? The Vietnamese didn't want the war. Well if both opponents opposed this, then why did it go on for so long? The organizations wanted it to continue, so America could gain profits and glory, some say. Well if the most powerful man in United States and the one of the most powerful on Earth, the President of the U.S.A. can't do what he wants then what's the point of being president? What good or fame do you get if you are powerless? If you are a puppet to others?

JFK was a man who fought for what he believed in and what he wanted to achieve as president. He did things that made people raise their eyebrows. Even at the beginning he says he wants peace and good relations with others. So just because he is set out to achieve that, he gets killed? He contradicted many things those organizations and people he worked with said. He wasn't going to be another same old president. He was going for change, for a better, new, different America. Because of this he is hated and threatened. 

JFK's decision to back off from Cuba and the lie from the C.I.A. caused a major commotion. He (JFK) was infuriated with the lie. This made the C.I.A.'s attempts for the Bay of Pigs Invasion unsuccessful. Thus leading to a tarnished reputation of the C.I.A. and the Kennedy Administration. John F. Kennedy's decision to back of from all wars, such as th Cold War and Vietnamese war was driving the government and other organizations nuts. They were very unimpressed with Kennedy. If Kennedy went through with this then we as a strong, powerful country would lose our reputation and glory. We would have had many losses and no profit gains. These were probably some thoughts what enemies and organizations that controlled and hated the president thought. Kennedy wanted out on all this conflict. Was that such a bad thing? I don't think so. 

One thing that was very controversial in U.S.A. then was Kennedy giving more rights to African-Americans. This made racists and Kennedy enemies to brew up more frustration, anger, and hate against the president. If these rights to African-Americans weren't given by JFK, Abraham Lincoln, and many other presidents, America would have been a completely different world. Those people who are racist, honestly think, would a place be better if we had the same kind of people in one place? No variety. No opportunity. We might not have what we have if there wasn't any variety in culture and contributions.

Kennedy wasn't supposed to be making friends with the enemy. The Soviets. JFK's superiors (organizations and others) deeply hated the thought of such a thing. To be Communist. To make truce. The certain glimmer of those thoughts was repulsive and certainly not acceptable. But again Kennedy does it. He befriends and makes peace with the Soviets. He was turning his back towards friends and going to the enemy. Citizens, government, and organizations are aghast by this. This had never happened before. Even if it had in American history not to such a great degree of extent. Forgetting what your enemies have done and just shaking hands? Impossible. This is what would be running in my mind if I lived in U.S.A. then. JFK did this again because he wanted peace. Everything he did went back to what he originally was trying to achieve. His main goal: A peaceful, new, changed, different United States. 

This is what made Kennedy unique. He wasn't going to be that puppet president, that many had been throughout the years. He was going to take a stand and actually do what he came to do. This is why Kennedy was legendary, infamous, known, and assassinated. If others had agreed with what Kennedy thought, he might have still been alive today. 



Sunday, December 12, 2010

What makes JFK so famous?

The Kennedy years have been a very historical and influential era of American history. Kennedy was a new kind of president for America. First of all he was Roman Catholic, the first of many presidents. His decisions as President of the United States raised many eyebrows. During his time as president it is seen as JFK playing the 'good cop, bad cop' role. This added to his character and infamous style.  His speeches, the way he spoke, his charm, youth (being the youngest President of the United States and he still is), and so much more made him unique and ideal. His life in the media was very interesting too. His choice of women was impeccable: Jacqueline Kennedy (wife), Marilyn Monroe (affair), and Judith Campbell Exner (mistress). His wife was one of the most beautiful women in the world. She was graceful, smart, and had an amazing sense of style and decor. The feelings of doubt, interest, and joy towards Kennedy add to his famous persona. His religion caused an uproar and support towards him and his campaign. United States was mostly Protestant and the chances of having a Catholic president were very low. But Kennedy proved everybody wrong. That characteristic of Kennedy, sometimes doing the impossible made him even more special. A big decision that made him unique, gain friends, votes, and enemies was he was going against the military-industrial complex. No president had done that before. Kennedy's vision, power, courage, and strength make him infamous and controversial. 

Happy Birthday Mr. President

Wow! If I was Jackie I would have been so jelly.

Happy Birthday Mr. President

The Conversation between LBJ and Jackie

This is sweet and strange in a way.
This phone call is just a few days before Jackie was leaving the White House.
Have a look:
The phone call between LBJ and Jackie

Saturday, December 11, 2010

Transcript of President John F. Kennedy's Inaugural Address (1961)


One of the most famous and best political speeches of all time. By John F. Kennedy.
"Vice President Johnson, Mr. Speaker, Mr. Chief Justice, President Eisenhower, Vice President Nixon, President Truman, Reverend Clergy, fellow citizens:
We observe today not a victory of party but a celebration of freedom--symbolizing an end as well as a beginning--signifying renewal as well as change. For I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forbears prescribed nearly a century and three-quarters ago.
The world is very different now. For man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life. And yet the same revolutionary beliefs for which our forebears fought are still at issue around the globe--the belief that the rights of man come not from the generosity of the state but from the hand of God.
We dare not forget today that we are the heirs of that first revolution. Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans--born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage--and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of those human rights to which this nation has always been committed, and to which we are committed today at home and around the world.
Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty.
This much we pledge--and more.
To those old allies whose cultural and spiritual origins we share, we pledge the loyalty of faithful friends. United there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. Divided there is little we can do--for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder.
To those new states whom we welcome to the ranks of the free, we pledge our word that one form of colonial control shall not have passed away merely to be replaced by a far more iron tyranny. We shall not always expect to find them supporting our view. But we shall always hope to find them strongly supporting their own freedom--and to remember that, in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.
To those people in the huts and villages of half the globe struggling to break the bonds of mass misery, we pledge our best efforts to help them help themselves, for whatever period is required--not because the communists may be doing it, not because we seek their votes, but because it is right. If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich.
To our sister republics south of our border, we offer a special pledge--to convert our good words into good deeds--in a new alliance for progress--to assist free men and free governments in casting off the chains of poverty. But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers. Let all our neighbors know that we shall join with them to oppose aggression or subversion anywhere in the Americas. And let every other power know that this Hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house.
To that world assembly of sovereign states, the United Nations, our last best hope in an age where the instruments of war have far outpaced the instruments of peace, we renew our pledge of support--to prevent it from becoming merely a forum for invective--to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak--and to enlarge the area in which its writ may run.
Finally, to those nations who would make themselves our adversary, we offer not a pledge but a request: that both sides begin anew the quest for peace, before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all humanity in planned or accidental self-destruction.
We dare not tempt them with weakness. For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed.
But neither can two great and powerful groups of nations take comfort from our present course--both sides overburdened by the cost of modern weapons, both rightly alarmed by the steady spread of the deadly atom, yet both racing to alter that uncertain balance of terror that stays the hand of mankind's final war.
So let us begin anew--remembering on both sides that civility is not a sign of weakness, and sincerity is always subject to proof. Let us never negotiate out of fear. But let us never fear to negotiate.
Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us.
Let both sides, for the first time, formulate serious and precise proposals for the inspection and control of arms--and bring the absolute power to destroy other nations under the absolute control of all nations.
Let both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science instead of its terrors. Together let us explore the stars, conquer the deserts, eradicate disease, tap the ocean depths and encourage the arts and commerce.
Let both sides unite to heed in all corners of the earth the command of Isaiah--to "undo the heavy burdens . . . (and) let the oppressed go free."
And if a beachhead of cooperation may push back the jungle of suspicion, let both sides join in creating a new endeavor, not a new balance of power, but a new world of law, where the strong are just and the weak secure and the peace preserved.
All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days. Nor will it be finished in the first one thousand days, nor in the life of this Administration, nor even perhaps in our lifetime on this planet. But let us begin.
In your hands, my fellow citizens, more than mine, will rest the final success or failure of our course. Since this country was founded, each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testimony to its national loyalty. The graves of young Americans who answered the call to service surround the globe.
Now the trumpet summons us again--not as a call to bear arms, though arms we need--not as a call to battle, though embattled we are-- but a call to bear the burden of a long twilight struggle, year in and year out, "rejoicing in hope, patient in tribulation"--a struggle against the common enemies of man: tyranny, poverty, disease and war itself.
Can we forge against these enemies a grand and global alliance, North and South, East and West, that can assure a more fruitful life for all mankind? Will you join in that historic effort?
In the long history of the world, only a few generations have been granted the role of defending freedom in its hour of maximum danger. I do not shrink from this responsibility--I welcome it. I do not believe that any of us would exchange places with any other people or any other generation. The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it--and the glow from that fire can truly light the world.
And so, my fellow Americans: ask not what your country can do for you--ask what you can do for your country.
My fellow citizens of the world: ask not what America will do for you, but what together we can do for the freedom of man.
Finally, whether you are citizens of America or citizens of the world, ask of us here the same high standards of strength and sacrifice which we ask of you. With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go forth to lead the land we love, asking His blessing and His help, but knowing that here on earth God's work must truly be our own."
Transcription courtesy of the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum.